↑ Strident public criticism of the monarchy emerged after Queen Sofia gave her opinions on gay marriage in a 2008 biography, followed by money laundering scandals touching on Juan Carlos' son-in-law Iñaki Urdangarín, and Juan Carlos' perceived by the public as out-of-step with the economic hardships facing many Spaniards in the wake of the financial crisis gripping the country, controversies not touching on the more popular Felipe VI
↑ According to historian Charles Powell, the term reestablished, rather than restored, was a conscious choice to find a middle ground acceptable by monarchists, who viewed the 1975 monarchy as a restoration, and Franconists who took the view that General Franco had essentially established a new monarchy apart from the prior historic office.
↑ The King of Spain may also use the formal address of His Catholic Majesty, according to Almanach de Gotha page 336 (2000). However, according to Royal Decree published in 1987, the formal addressed used isHis Majesty
↑ La persona del Rey de España es inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad. Sus actos estarán siempre refrendados en la forma establecida en el artículo 64, careciendo de validez sin dicho refrendo, salvo lo dispuesto en el artículo 65,2.
